Rexx/CURL

A Rexx interface to the cURL library

Version 2.1.1

26 August 2022


Table of Contents

1. Introduction
2. Overview
3. Functions
CURLINIT
CURLCLEANUP
CURLESCAPE
CURLUNESCAPE
CURLSETOPT
CURLFORMADD
CURLFORMFREE
CURLPERFORM
CURLGETINFO
CURLVARIABLE
CURLLOADFUNC
CURLDROPFUNC
4. Errors
5. Using Rexx/CURL
6. History of Rexx/CURL


1. Introduction

This document describes the interface to the cURL package. cURL is a general purpose package that allows access to any URL-addressable resource. With Rexx/CURL you can access resources such as web pages, ftp sites, and telnet sessions under control of your Rexx program. Rexx/CURL is actually built on top of libcurl but for the purposes of this document it will be refered to simply as cURL. Rexx/CURL implements the libcurl easy interface.


2. Overview

Rexx/CURL consists of Rexx external functions that allows a Rexx program to access any URL. The basic concept of Rexx/CURL (and cURL), is that you specify a URL and all options appropriate to that URL, and then perform the URL access.
See Using Rexx/CURL for more details.

The Rexx/CURL external functions are:

Rexx/CURL also provides a number of constants that provide useful information for the user. Each of these constants is generally prefixed by a stem name (default is !REXXCURL.!) to make it easier to access when inside a procedure. Remember you need to EXPOSE the stem to get access to these constants inside a procedure.
The constants are:

eg. under Linux:
!REXXCURL.!DIRSEP -> '/'
!REXXCURL.!PATHSEP -> ':'
In addition to the above environmental constants a number of constants that provide information about the capabilities of the loaded cURL library are available. They are: eg. under Linux:
!REXXCURL.!VERSION -> '7.19.7'
!REXXCURL.!VERSION_NUM -> '463623'
!REXXCURL.!HOST -> 'i486-pc-linux-gnu'
!REXXCURL.!SSL_VERSION -> 'OpenSSL/0.9.8k'
!REXXCURL.!LIBZ_VERSION -> '1.2.3.3'
!REXXCURL.!ARES -> ''
!REXXCURL.!ARES_NUM -> '0'
!REXXCURL.!LIBIDN -> '1.15'
!REXXCURL.!LIBSSH_VERSION -> ''
!REXXCURL.!ICONV_VER_NUM -> '0'
!REXXCURL.!SUPPORTS_IPV6 -> '1'
!REXXCURL.!SUPPORTS_KERBEROS4 -> '0'
!REXXCURL.!SUPPORTS_SSL -> '1'
!REXXCURL.!SUPPORTS_LIBZ -> '1'
!REXXCURL.!SUPPORTS_NTLM -> '1'
!REXXCURL.!SUPPORTS_GSSNEGOTIATE -> '1'
!REXXCURL.!SUPPORTS_DEBUG -> '0'
!REXXCURL.!SUPPORTS_CURLDEBUG -> '0'
!REXXCURL.!SUPPORTS_ASYNCHDNS -> '0'
!REXXCURL.!SUPPORTS_SPNEGO -> '0'
!REXXCURL.!SUPPORTS_LARGEFILE -> '1'
!REXXCURL.!SUPPORTS_IDN -> '1'
!REXXCURL.!SUPPORTS_SSPI -> '0'
!REXXCURL.!SUPPORTS_CONV -> '0'
!REXXCURL.!SUPPORTS_TLSAUTH_SRP -> '0'
!REXXCURL.!SUPPORTS_NTLM_WB -> '0'
!REXXCURL.!PROTOCOLS.0-> '10'
!REXXCURL.!PROTOCOLS.1 -> 'tftp'
!REXXCURL.!PROTOCOLS.2 -> 'ftp'
!REXXCURL.!PROTOCOLS.3 -> 'telnet'
!REXXCURL.!PROTOCOLS.4 -> 'dict'
!REXXCURL.!PROTOCOLS.5 -> 'ldap'
!REXXCURL.!PROTOCOLS.6 -> 'ldaps'
!REXXCURL.!PROTOCOLS.7 -> 'http'
!REXXCURL.!PROTOCOLS.8 -> 'file'
!REXXCURL.!PROTOCOLS.9 -> 'https'
!REXXCURL.!PROTOCOLS.10 -> 'ftps'
!REXXCURL.!PROTOCOLS -> 'tftp ftp telnet dict ldap ldaps http file https ftps'
The default constant prefix can be changed by calling CURLVARIABLE with the CONSTANTPREFIX variable. eg.
Call CURLVariable 'CONSTANTPREFIX', '?MYCURL.'


3. Functions

This section provides the full syntax and usage of each function that comprises Rexx/CURL.

CURLINIT()
Initialises the cURL interface. The return value from this call is used as the first argument to most of the other Rexx/CURL functions.

Arguments:

none
Returns:
success:
any non-blank value
failure:
blank

CURLCLEANUP()
This function must be the last function called for a session. It is the opposite of the CURLINIT() function and must be called with the same handle as input that the CURLINIT() call returned. This will effectively close all connections this handle has used and possibly has kept open until now. Don't call this function if you intend to transfer more files. Any uses of the handle after this function has been called are illegal. This kills the handle and all memory associated with it!

Arguments:

handle
The value returned from CURLINIT.
Returns:
success:
any non-blank value
failure:
blank

CURLESCAPE(handle, URL)
This function converts the given input string to an URL encoded string and returns it. All input characters that are not a-z, A-Z, 0-9, '-', '.', '_' or '~' are converted to their "URL escaped" version (%NN where NN is a two-digit hexadecimal number).

Arguments:

handle
The value returned from CURLINIT.

URL
This is the string (usually a URL) to be converted

Returns:
success:
The converted string
failure:
blank
On failure CURLERROR.INTCODE is set to a non-zero value.

CURLUNESCAPE(handle, URL)
This function converts the given URL encoded input string to a "plain string" and returns it. All input characters that are URL encoded (%XX where XX is a two-digit hexadecimal number) are converted to their binary versions.

Arguments:

handle
The value returned from CURLINIT.

URL
This is the string (usually a URL) to be converted

Returns:
success:
The converted string
failure:
blank
On failure CURLERROR.INTCODE is set to a non-zero value.

CURLSETOPT(handle, option,option value[,more option values,...])
This function is called to define all the parameters and data required to carry out the particular request. The option argument is case-insensitive. The table below defining the options available contains the equivalent cURL option value used in the C/C++ interface. Not all of the Rexx/CURL option strings are the same as the C/C++ equivalents; I've tried to be more consistent and clearer with the name of the option. The C/C++ equivalents are there if you wish to read alternate definitions of these options. See the curl_easy_setopt() function documentation.
All options set with this function stay in effect until CURLCLEANUP is called or the option reset with another value.

Arguments:

handle
The value returned from CURLINIT.

option
This is the string identifying the option to set. Values with a grey background have been deprecated and should not be used.
Rexx/CURL
Option
Description cURL Equivalent
Option
ACCEPTENCODING Sets the contents of the Accept-Encoding: header sent in an HTTP request, and enables decoding of a response when a Content-Encoding: header is received.
  • "IDENTITY": Does nothing
  • "DEFLATE": requests the server to compress its response using the zlib algorithm
  • "GZIP": requests the gzip algorithm
If a zero-length string is set, then an Accept-Encoding: header containing all supported encodings is sent.
This is a request, not an order; the server may or may not do it. This option must be set (to any non-empty value) or else any unsolicited encoding done by the server is ignored. See the special cURL file lib/README.encoding for details.
CURLOPT_ACCEPT_ENCODING
ACCEPTTIMEOUTMS Not documented on cURL site. CURLOPT_ACCEPT_TIMEOUTMS
ADDRESSSCOPE A number sppecifying the scope_id value to use when connecting to IPv6 link-local or site-local addresses. CURLOPT_ADDRESS_SCOPE
APPEND Set this option to a 1 or Y to indicate that the remote file is to be appended to rather than replaced when an FTP upload is to be carried out. CURLOPT_APPEND
BUFFERSIZE Specify the size of the recieve buffer to use. CURLOPT_BUFFERSIZE
CAINFO The name of a file from which the SSL peer certificate data is read for the performed action. This file must exist. CURLOPT_CAINFO
CAPATH The CAPATH directory used to validate the peer certificate. This option is used only if SSL_VERIFYPEER is true. CURLOPT_CAPATH
CERTINFO Set this option to a 1 or Y to enable libcurl's certificate chain info gatherer. With this enabled, libcurl (if built with OpenSSL) will extract lots of information and data about the certificates in the certificate chain used in the SSL connection. This data is then possible to extract after a transfer using CURLGETINFO and its option CERTINFO CURLOPT_CERTINFO
CLOSEPOLICY Specify the type of disconnection policy to use if the connection cache is filled. This is only applicable if you potentially use more than 5 concurrent connections. Can be one of "OLDEST", or "LEAST_RECENTLY_USED". CURLOPT_CLOSEPOLICY
CONNECTONLY Set this option to a 1 or Y to tell the library to perform any required proxy authentication and connection setup, but no data transfer. CURLOPT_CONNECT_ONLY
CONNECTTIMEOUT To limit the time it takes to connect to the server, set this value to the number of seconds. CURLOPT_CONNECTTIMEOUT
CONNECTTIMEOUTMS Like CONNECTTIMEOUT but takes number of milliseconds instead. CURLOPT_CONNECTTIMEOUT_MS
COOKIE If you want to pass a cookie to the server, set this option to the cookie. The format of the cookie is: name=contents, where name is the name of the cookie to be set. CURLOPT_COOKIE
COOKIEFILE The name of a file from which cookie data is read for the performed action. The cookie file can contain Netscape/Mozilla formated cookies, or regular HTTP header format. This file must exist. CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE
COOKIEJAR The name of a file to which all known cookies are written after the operation completes. CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR
COOKIELIST Pass a string containing a cookie string. Cookie can be either in Netscape / Mozilla format or just regular HTTP-style header (Set-Cookie: ...) format. If cURL cookie engine was not enabled it will enable its cookie engine. Passing a magic string ALL will erase all cookies known by cURL. CURLOPT_COOKIELIST
COOKIESESSION Set this option to a 1 or Y to indicate that this operation is the start of a cookie session. Set this option to a 0 or N to indicate that this operation is the end of a cookie session. CURLOPT_COOKIESESSION
CRLF Set this option to a 1 or Y to indicate that LF charcaters should be converted to CRLF on transfers. CURLOPT_CRLF
CRLFILE Pass a string naming a file with the concatenation of CRL (in PEM format) to use in the certificate validation that occurs during the SSL exchange.
When curl is built to use NSS or GnuTLS, there is no way to influence the use of CRL passed to help in the verification process. When libcurl is built with OpenSSL support, X509_V_FLAG_CRL_CHECK and X509_V_FLAG_CRL_CHECK_ALL are both set, requiring CRL check against all the elements of the certificate chain if a CRL file is passed.
This option makes sense only when used in combination with the SSLVERIFYPEER option.
CURLOPT_CRLFILE
CUSTOMREQUEST To carry out an HTTP request command other than GET or HEAD, pass the command in this option. CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST
DIRLISTONLY Set this option to a 1 or Y to indicate that only filenames are to be returned when the URL option specifies an FTP directory. Normally, file sizes, dates etc. are returned. This works for FTP and SFTP URLs.
This causes an FTP NLST command to be sent on an FTP server. Beware that some FTP servers list only files in their response to NLST; they might not include subdirectories and symbolic links.
Setting this option to 1 or Y also implies a directory listing even if the URL doesn't end with a slash, which otherwise is necessary.
Do NOT use this option if you also use the WILDCARDMATCH option as it will effectively break that feature.
CURLOPT_DIRLISTONLY
DNSCACHETIMEOUT This sets the timeout in seconds. Name resolves will be kept in memory for this number of seconds. Set to zero to completely disable caching, or set to -1 to make the cached entries remain forever. By default, libcurl caches info for 60 seconds. CURLOPT_DNS_CACHE_TIMEOUT
DNSSERVERS Set the list of DNS servers to be used instead of the system default. The format of the dns servers option is:
host[:port][,host[:port]]...
For example:
192.168.1.100,192.168.1.101,3.4.5.6
This option requires that libcurl was built with a resolver backend that supports this operation. The c-ares backend is the only such one. This can be determined by testing for !REXXCURL.!ARES being non-blank or !REXXCURL.!ARES_NUM not being zero.
CURLOPT_DNS_SERVERS
DNSUSEGLOBALCACHE Set this option to a 1 or Y to use a global DNS cahce that will last between operations. CURLOPT_DNS_USE_GLOBAL_CACHE
EGDSOCKET The name of the Entropy Gathering Socket which is used to seed the SSL random engine. CURLOPT_EGDSOCKET
ENCODING
Use:ACCEPTENCODING
Sets the contents of the Accept-Encoding: header sent in an HTTP request, and enables decoding of a response when a Content-Encoding: header is received.
  • "IDENTITY": Does nothing
  • "DEFLATE": requests the server to compress its response using the zlib algorithm
  • "GZIP": requests the gzip algorithm
If a zero-length string is set, then an Accept-Encoding: header containing all supported encodings is sent.
This is a request, not an order; the server may or may not do it. This option must be set (to any non-empty value) or else any unsolicited encoding done by the server is ignored. See the special cURL file lib/README.encoding for details.
CURLOPT_ENCODING
ERRFILE The name of a file into which any error output from the performed action is written. By default, if this file exists, it will be over-written. You can pass APPEND as an extra argument to append data to an existing file. CURLOPT_STDERR
FAILONERROR Set this option to a 1 or Y to get cURL to fail, rather than return the page, if the HTTP return code is greater than or equal to 300. CURLOPT_FAILONERROR
FILETIME Set this option to a 1 or Y to indicate that cURL should attempt to retrieve the modification date of the remote document. Not all servers will respond to this type of request. To retrieve the date, call CURLGETINFO with the FILE_TIME option. CURLOPT_FILETIME
FOLLOWLOCATION Set this option to a 1 or Y to get cURL to follow any Location: headers in the specified site. CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION
FORBIDREUSE Set this option to a 1 or Y to get cURL to make the next transfer explicitly close the connection when done. Normally, libcurl keeps all connections alive when done with one transfer in case there comes a succeeding one that can re-use them. This option should be used with caution and only if you understand what it does. Set to 0 to have libcurl keep the connection open for possibly later re-use (default behavior). CURLOPT_FORBID_REUSE
FRESHCONNECT Set this option to a 1 or Y to indicate that the next transfer should use a new connection. CURLOPT_FRESH_CONNECT
FTPALTERNATIVETOUSER A string which will be used to authenticate if the usual FTP "USER user" and "PASS password" negotiation fails. This is currently only known to be required when connecting to Tumbleweed's Secure Transport FTPS server using client certificates for authentication. CURLOPT_FTP_ALTERNATIVE_TO_USER
FTPAPPEND
Use:APPEND
Set this option to a 1 or Y to indicate that the remote file is to be appended to rather than replaced when an FTP upload is to be carried out. CURLOPT_FTPAPPEND
FTPCMDS Specify a stem containing FTP commands to be issued before an FTP session is started. CURLOPT_QUOTE
FTPCMDSAFTER A list of FTP commands to be executed after the URL is accessed. The list of commands is specified as a stem name; ie the supplied string must end in a period, and represent a valid Rexx array. CURLOPT_POSTQUOTE
FTPCMDSBEFORE A list of FTP commands to be executed before the URL is accessed. The list of commands is specified as a stem name; ie the supplied string must end in a period, and represent a valid Rexx array. CURLOPT_PREQUOTE
FTPCREATEMISSINGDIRS Set this option to one of the following string values to tell cURL to attempt to create any remote directory that it fails to CWD into.
  • "CREATE_DIR": libcurl will attempt to create any remote directory that it fails to CWD into. CWD is the command that changes working directory. This setting also applies to SFTP-connections. libcurl will attempt to create the remote directory if it can't obtain a handle to the target-location. The creation will fail if a file of the same name as the directory to create already exists or lack of permissions prevents creation.
  • "CREATE_DIR_RETRY": make libcurl retry the CWD command again if the subsequent MKD command fails. This is especially useful if you're doing many simultaneous connections against the same server and they all have this option enabled, as then CWD may first fail but then another connection does MKD before this connection and thus MKD fails but trying CWD works!
CURLOPT_FTP_CREATE_MISSING_DIRS
FTPCRLF See the prefered CRLF option. CURLOPT_CRLF
FTPLISTONLY
Use:DIRLISTONLY
Set this option to a 1 or Y to indicate that only filenames are to be returned when the URL option specifies an FTP directory. Normally, file sizes, dates etc. are returned. CURLOPT_FTPLISTONLY
FTPPORT Set this option to a string to use as the parameter to the FTP PORT command. The parameter can be an IP address, a hostname, an interface name (undex Unix), or '-' to use the client machine's default IP address. CURLOPT_FTPPORT
FTPRESPONSETIMEOUT Causes uURL to set a timeout period (in seconds) on the amount of time that the server is allowed to take in order to generate a response message for a command before the session is considered hung. Note that while curl is waiting for a response, this value overrides "TIMEOUT". It is recommended that if used in conjunction with "TIMEOUT", you set "FTPRESPONSETIMEOUT" to a value smaller than "TIMEOUT". CURLOPT_FTP_RESPONSE_TIMEOUT
FTPSKIPPASVIP Set this option to a 1 or Y to instruct libcurl to not use the IP address the server suggests in its 227-response to libcurl's PASV command when libcurl connects the data connection. Instead libcurl will re-use the same IP address it already uses for the control connection. But it will use the port number from the 227-response.
This option has no effect if PORT, EPRT or EPSV is used instead of PASV.
CURLOPT_FTP_SKIP_PASV_IP
FTPSSL
Use:USESSL
Set this option to one of the following string values to make libcurl use your desired level of SSL for the ftp transfer.
  • "NONE": Don't attempt to use SSL.
  • "TRY": Try using SSL, proceed as normal otherwise.
  • "CONTROL": Require SSL for the control connection or fail with FTP_SSL_FAILED.
  • "ALL": Require SSL for all communication or fail with FTP_SSL_FAILED.
CURLOPT_FTP_SSL
FTPSSLAUTH Set this option to one of the following string values to alter how libcurl issues AUTH TLS or AUTH SSL when FTP over SSL is activated.
  • "DEFAULT": Allow libcurl to decide.
  • "SSL": Try "AUTH SSL" first, and only if that fails try "AUTH TLS".
  • "TLS": Try "AUTH TLS" first, and only if that fails try "AUTH SSL".
CURLOPT_FTPSSLAUTH
FTPSSLCCC If enabled, this option makes cURL use CCC (Clear Command Channel). It shuts down the SSL/TLS layer after authenticating. The rest of the control channel communication will be unencrypted. This allows NAT routers to follow the FTP transaction. Pass one of the values below.
  • "NONE": Don't attempt to use CCC.
  • "PASSIVE": Do not initiate the shutdown, but wait for the server to do it. Do not send a reply.
  • "ACTIVE": Initiate the shutdown and wait for a reply.
CURLOPT_FTP_SSL_CCC
FTPUSEEPSV Set this option to a 1 or Y to tell cURL to use the EPSV command when doing passive FTP downloads (which it always does by default). Using EPSV means that it will first attempt to use EPSV before using PASV, but if you pass 0 or N to this option, it will not try using EPSV, only plain PASV. CURLOPT_FTP_USE_EPSV
FTPUSEEPRET Set this option to a 1 or Y to tell cURL to use the PRET (and LPRT) command when doing active FTP downloads (which is enabled by "FTPPORT"). Using EPRT means that it will first attempt to use EPRT and then LPRT before using PORT, but if you pass 0 to this option, it will not try using PRET or LPRT, only plain PORT. CURLOPT_FTP_USE_PRET
GSSAPIDELEGATION Set the extra parameter to one of the following:
  • "FLAG": Allow unconditional GSSAPI credential delegation.
  • "POLICY_FLAG": Delegate only if the OK-AS-DELEGATE flag is set in the service ticket in case this feature is supported by the GSSAPI implementation and the definition of GSS_C_DELEG_POLICY_FLAG was available at compile-time of libcurl.
  • "NONE": Disable delegation. This is the default setting.
CURLOPT_GSSAPI_DELEGATION
HEADER Set this option to a 1 or Y to get cURL to return header information for those protocols, like HTTP, that have seperate headers and footers. CURLOPT_HEADER
HEADERFILE The name of a file into which headers from the performed action are written. By default, if this file exists, it will be over-written. You can pass APPEND as an extra argument to append data to an existing file. CURLOPT_WRITEHEADER
CURLOPT_HEADERDATA
HEADERSTEM Specify the stem variable of an array into which any headers from the performed action are written. If the array exists, it will be over-written. Where possible, each entry in the array will contain a single line. CURLOPT_WRITEHEADER
HTTP200ALIASES Specify a stem containing a list of aliases to be treated as valid HTTP 200 responses. Some servers respond with a custom header response line. For example, IceCast servers respond with "ICY 200 OK". By including this string in your list of aliases, the response will be treated as a valid HTTP header line such as "HTTP/1.0 200 OK". CURLOPT_HTTP200ALIASES
HTTPAUTH Pass one or more of the following string values as seperate arguments. These options tell cURL which HTTP authentication options to attempt from the list.
  • "BASIC": HTTP Basic authentication. This is the default choice, and the only method that is in wide-spread use and supported virtually everywhere. This is sending the user name and password over the network in plain text, easily captured by others.
  • "DIGEST": HTTP Digest authentication. Digest authentication is defined in RFC2617 and is a more secure way to do authentication over public networks than the regular old-fashioned Basic method.
  • "GSSNEGOTIATE": HTTP GSS-Negotiate authentication. The GSS-Negotiate (also known as plain "Negotiate") method was designed by Microsoft and is used in their web applications. It is primarily meant as a support for Kerberos5 authentication but may be also used along with another authentication methods. For more information see IETF draft draft-brezak-spnego-http-04.txt.
  • "NTLM": HTTP NTLM authentication. A proprietary protocol invented and used by Microsoft. It uses a challenge-response and hash concept similar to Digest, to prevent the password from being eavesdropped.
  • "ANY": This is a convenience macro that sets all bits and thus makes libcurl pick any it finds suitable. libcurl will automatically select the one it finds most secure.
  • "ANYSAFE": This is a convenience macro that sets all bits except Basic and thus makes libcurl pick any it finds suitable. libcurl will automatically select the one it finds most secure.
  • All of the above values with "AUTH_" prefix are now deprecated.
CURLOPT_HTTPAUTH
HTTPCONTENTDECODING Set this option to tell cURL how to act on content decoding. If set to 0 or N, content decoding will be disabled. If set to 1 or Y it is enabled. Note however that cURL has no default content decoding but requires you to use ENCODING for that. CURLOPT_HTTP_CONTENT_DECODING
HTTPGET Set this option to a 1 or Y to get cURL to return to HTTP GET mode. Really only useful if a POST was set with the same connection handle. CURLOPT_HTTPGET
HTTPHEADER To pass a series of HTTP headers to the server, set this option to a valid Rexx stem. Any headers included in this option, that would have normally been generated internally by cURL, will be replaced. CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER
HTTPPOST Set this option to a 1 or Y to indicate that a regular (application/x-www-form-urlencoded) HTTP POST is to be carried out. Most HTTP forms are of this type. See HTTPPOSTFIELDS option for details on how to specify the content of the form fields. CURLOPT_POST
HTTPPOSTDATA Setting this option indicates that you wish to issue a multipart/formdata HTTP POST. You pass the data that is posted as a valid Rexx stem. CURLOPT_HTTPPOST
HTTPPOSTFIELDS Specify the content of the fields to be filled in with a HTTPPOST. The passed parameter is a Rexx array, with each item in the array a name/value pair. eg field.1 = 'email=mark@rexx.org' and field.0 is the number items in the array. CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS
CURLOPT_POSTFIELDSIZE
HTTPPOSTFORM Setting this option indicates that the HTTP form data specified with CURLFORMADD is to be posted. No data is passed with this option. CURLOPT_HTTPPOST
HTTPPROXYTUNNEL Set this option to a 1 or Y to tunnel all non-http operations through the HTTP proxy. CURLOPT_HTTPPROXYTUNNEL
HTTPPUT Set this option to a 1 or Y to get indicate that a HTTP PUT command is issued for the URL. The file to be uploaded must be specified with INFILE. CURLOPT_PUT
HTTPTRANSFERDECODING Set this option to tell cURL how to act on transfer decoding. If set to 0 or N, transfer decoding will be disabled. If set to 1 or Y it is enabled (default). cURL does chunked transfer decoding by default unless this option is set to zero. CURLOPT_HTTP_TRANSFER_DECODING
HTTPVERSION Set this option to "VERSION_NONE", "VERSION_1_0" or "VERSION_1_1" to specify the version to be used in HTTP requests. CURLOPT_HTTP_VERSION
IGNORECONTENTLENGTH Ignore the Content-Length header. This is useful for Apache 1.x (and similar servers) which will report incorrect content length for files over 2 gigabytes. If this option is used, curl will not be able to accurately report progress, and will simply stop the download when the server ends the connection. CURLOPT_IGNORE_CONTENT_LENGTH
INFILE The name of a file from which data is read for the performed action. This file must exist. For ftp uploads, this is the file to upload. CURLOPT_INFILE
CURLOPT_READDATA
INSTEM Specify the stem variable of an array from which any input for the performed action is read. You can pass an extra argument specifying a character or sequence of characters to be appended to the value of the variable. This is useful for supplying text files via a stem. In Regina you could specify .endofline. CURLOPT_INFILE
CURLOPT_READDATA
INTERFACE To specify an outgoing interface other than the default, pass the interface in this option. The interface can be specified as an IP address, a hostname, or an interface name (undex Unix). CURLOPT_INTERFACE
IPRESOLVE Allows an application to select what kind of IP addresses to use when resolving host names. This is only interesting when using host names that resolve addresses using more than one version of IP. The allowed values are:
  • "WHATEVER": Default, resolves addresses to all IP versions that your system allows.
  • "V4": Resolve to ipv4 addresses.
  • "V6": Resolve to ipv6 addresses.
  • All of the above values with "IPRESOLVE_" prefix are now deprecated.
CURLOPT_IPRESOLVE
ISSUERCERT Pass a string naming a file holding a CA certificate in PEM format. If the option is set, an additional check against the peer certificate is performed to verify the issuer is indeed the one associated with the certificate provided by the option. This additional check is useful in multi-level PKI where one needs to enforce that the peer certificate is from a specific branch of the tree. This option makes sense only when used in combination with the SSLVERIFYPEER option. Otherwise, the result of the check is not considered as failure. CURLOPT_ISSUERCERT
KEYPASSWD Pass a string to be used as the password to use the SSLKEY or SSHPRIVATEKEYFILE private key. You never needed a pass phrase to load a certificate but you need one to load your private key. CURLOPT_KEYPASSWD
KRB4LEVEL
Use:KRBLEVEL
Set the krb4 security level, this also enables krb4 awareness. This is a string, "clear", "safe", "confidential" or "private". If the string is set but doesn't match one of these, "private" will be used. Pass the empty string to disable kerberos4. The kerberos support only works for FTP. CURLOPT_KRB4LEVEL
KRBLEVEL Set the kerberos security level for FTP; this also enables kerberos awareness. This is a string, "clear", "safe", "confidential" or "private". If the string is set but doesn't match one of these, "private" will be used. Pass the empty string to disable kerberos. CURLOPT_KRBLEVEL
LOCALPORT Sets the local port number of the socket used for connection. This can be used in combination with the INTERFACE option and you are recommended to use LOCALPORTRANGE option as well when this is set. Note that port numbers are only valid 1 - 65535. CURLOPT_LOCALPORT
LOCALPORTRANGE This is the number of attempts libcurl should do to find a working local port number. It starts with the given LOCALPORT option and adds one to the number for each retry. Setting this value to 1 or below will make libcurl do only one try for exact port number. Note that port numbers by nature is a scarce resource that will be busy at times so setting this value to something too low might cause unnecessary connection setup failures. CURLOPT_LOCALPORTRANGE
LOWSPEEDLIMIT This option should contain a number representing the bytes per second that cURL will use as the lowest transfer rate to run at before it aborts the session as being too slow. CURLOPT_LOW_SPEED_LIMIT
LOWSPEEDTIME This option should contain a number representing the number of seconds that cURL will use as the lowest transfer time to run for before it aborts the session as being too slow. CURLOPT_LOW_SPEED_TIME
MAILAUTH Pass a string to specify the authentication address (identity) of a submitted message that is being relayed to another server. This optional parameter allows co-operating agents in a trusted environment to communicate the authentication of individual messages and should only be used by the application program, using libcurl, if the application is itself a mail server acting in such an environment. If the application is operating as such and the AUTH address is not known or is invalid, then an empty string should be used for this parameter. Unlike MAILFROM and MAILRCPT options, the address should not be specified within a pair of angled brackets (<>). However, if an empty string is used then a pair of brackets will be sent by libcurl as required by RFC-2554. CURLOPT_MAIL_AUTH
MAILFROM Pass a string to specify the sender's email address when sending SMTP mail. An originator email address should be specified with angled brackets (<>) around it, which if not specified, will be added by libcurl from version 7.21.4 onwards. Failing to provide such brackets may cause the server to reject the email. If this parameter is not specified then an empty address will be sent to the mail server which may or may not cause the email to be rejected. CURLOPT_MAIL_FROM
MAILRCPT Specify a stem with a list of recipients to pass to the server in your SMTP mail request. Each recipient should be specified within a pair of angled brackets (<>), however, should you not use an angled bracket as the first character libcurl will assume you provided a single email address and enclose that address within brackets for you. CURLOPT_MAIL_RCPT
MAXCONNECTS You can specify how many persistent connections cURL is to maintain. The default is 5 and unless you know what you are doing leave it alone. CURLOPT_MAXCONNECTS
MAXFILESIZE This allows you to specify the maximum size (in bytes) of a file to download. If the file requested is larger than this value, the transfer will not start and FILESIZE_EXCEEDED will be returned.
NOTE: The file size is not always known prior to download, and for such files this option has no effect even if the file transfer ends up being larger than this given limit. This concerns both FTP and HTTP transfers.
CURLOPT_MAXFILESIZE
CURLOPT_MAXFILESIZE_LARGE
MAXRECVSPEEDLARGE Pass an integer. If a download exceeds this speed (counted in bytes per second) on cumulative average during the transfer, the transfer will pause to keep the average rate less than or equal to the parameter value. Defaults to unlimited speed. CURLOPT_MAX_RECV_SPEED_LARGE
MAXREDIRS To limit the number of redirections followed, set this value with this option. This option only makes sense when FOLLOWLOCATION is also set. CURLOPT_MAXREDIRS
MAXSENDSPEEDLARGE Pass an integer. If an upload exceeds this speed (counted in bytes per second) on cumulative average during the transfer, the transfer will pause to keep the average rate less than or equal to the parameter value. Defaults to unlimited speed. CURLOPT_MAX_SEND_SPEED_LARGE
NETRC This parameter controls the preference of libcurl between using user names and passwords from your ~/.netrc file, relative to user names and passwords in the URL supplied with the URL option.
Note: cURL uses a user name (and supplied or prompted password) supplied with the option USERPWD in preference to any of the options controlled by this parameter.
  • "OPTIONAL": The use of your ~/.netrc file is optional, and information in the URL is to be preferred. The file will be scanned with the host and user name (to find the password only) or with the host only, to find the first user name and password after that machine, which ever information is not specified in the URL. Undefined values of the option will have this effect.
  • "IGNORED": The library will ignore the file and use only the information in the URL. This is the default.
  • "REQUIRED": This value tells the library that use of the file is required, to ignore the information in the URL, and to search the file with the host only. Only machine name, user name and password are taken into account (init macros and similar things aren't supported).
Note: cURL does not verify that the file has the correct properties set (as the standard Unix ftp client does). It should only be readable by user.
CURLOPT_NETRC
NETRCFILE The name of a file you want to be used as a .netrc file. If this option is omitted, and NETRC option is set, then Rexx/CURL attempts to look for .netrc in the current user's home directory. CURLOPT_NETRC_FILE
NEWDIRECTORYPERMS Pass a long as a parameter, containing the value of the permissions that will be assigned to newly created directories on the remote server. The default value is 0755, but any valid value can be used. The only protocols that can use this are sftp://, scp:// and file://. CURLOPT_NEW_DIRECTORY_PERMS
NOBODY Set this option to a 1 or Y to get cURL to not return the body information for those protocols, like HTTP, that have seperate headers and footers. CURLOPT_NOBODY
NOPROGRESS Set this option to a 1 or Y to turn off cURL's default progress meter. CURLOPT_NOPROGRES
NOPROXY Pass a string which should be a comma separated list of hosts which do not use a proxy, if one is specified. The only wildcard is a single * character, which matches all hosts, and effectively disables the proxy. Each name in this list is matched as either a domain which contains the hostname, or the hostname itself. For example, local.com would match local.com, local.com:80, and www.local.com, but not www.notlocal.com. CURLOPT_NOPROXY
NOSIGNAL N/A to Rexx/CURL CURLOPT_NOSIGNAL
OUTFILE The name of a file into which any output from the performed action is written. By default, if this file exists, it will be over-written. You can pass APPEND as an extra argument to append data to an existing file. This is necessary when using RESUMEFROM to resume a download. CURLOPT_FILE
CURLOPT_WRITEDATA
OUTSTEM Specify the stem variable of an array into which any output from the performed action is written. If the array exists, it will be over-written. This option should only be used when the output is expected to be line oriented with a known line terminating sequence of characters. By default the output is split into lines using the line termination character; x0A. You can pass the line termination sequence as the 4th argument. Output from performing an HTML request or from reading email will be line terminated with the CRLF sequence; x0D0A, and this value should be used as the 4th argument. CURLOPT_FILE
CURLOPT_WRITEDATA
PASWORD Pass a string which is used as the password for the transfer. This option should be used in conjunction with the USERNAME option. CURLOPT_PASSWORD
POSTQUOTE See the prefered FTPCMDSAFTER option. CURLOPT_POSTQUOTE
POSTREDIR Pass one or more of the following string values as seperate arguments. These options control how libcurl acts on redirects after POSTs that get a 301, 302 or 303 response back.
  • "GET_ALL": Tells the library to change a POST request to a GET request after a 301 or 302 response
  • "POST_301": Tells the library to respect RFC 2616/10.3.2 and not convert POST requests into GET requests when following a 301 redirection.
  • "POST_302": Makes libcurl maintain the request method after a 302 redirect.
  • "POST_ALL": A convenience option that sets both POST_301 and POST_302
CURLOPT_POSTREDIR
POST301
Use:POSTREDIR
Set this option to a 1 or Y to tell the library to respect RFC 2616/10.3.2 and not convert POST requests into GET requests when following a 301 redirection. The non-RFC behaviour is ubiquitous in web browsers, so the library does the conversion by default to maintain consistency. However, a server may requires a POST to remain a POST after such a redirection. This option is meaningful only when setting the option FOLLOWLOCATION. CURLOPT_POST301
PREQUOTE See the prefered FTPCMDSBEFORE option. CURLOPT_PREQUOTE
PRIVATE Pass a string of private data that can be associated with the cURL handle to be retrieved later with a call to CURLGETINFO with the PRIVATE option. CURLOPT_PRIVATE
PROGRESSFUNCTION When uploading or downloading, cURL will call the specified internal Rexx procedure at regular intervals.
Four arguments are passed; total bytes to download, bytes downloaded so far, total bytes to upload, bytes uploaded so far.
This option is only valid if your Rexx interpreter has the RexxCallback() API (to date only Regina has this).
CURLOPT_PROGRESSFUNCTION
PROTOCOLS Pass one or more string values as seperate arguments. These options limit which protocols libcurl may use in the transfer. This allows you to have a libcurl built to support a wide range of protocols but still limit specific transfers to only be allowed to use a subset of them. By default libcurl will accept all protocols it supports. See the values of the !REXXCURL.!PROTOCOLS stem for possible values. See also REDIR_PROTOCOLS. CURLOPT_PROTOCOLS
PROXY If you need to use a HTTP proxy to access the outside world, specify it with this option. The format of the proxy string is host[:port]. The default port number is 1080. CURLOPT_PROXY
PROXYAUTH Pass one or more string values as seperate arguments. These options tell cURL which PROXY authentication options to attempt from the list. See HTTPAUTH for the list of valid string values.
CURLOPT_PROXYAUTH
PROXYPASSWORD Pass a string containing the password to use for the transfer while connecting to a Proxy. This option should be used in conjunction with the PROXYUSERNAME option. CURLOPT_PROXYPASSWORD
PROXYPORT Specify the port to use for the proxy server. CURLOPT_PROXYPORT
PROXYTRANSFERMODE Set this option to a 1 or Y to tell libcurl to set the transfer mode (binary or ASCII) for FTP transfers done via a HTTP proxy, by appending ;type=a or ;type=i to the URL. Without this setting, or it being set to 0 or N (the default), TRANSFERTEXT has no effect when doing FTP via a proxy. Beware that not all proxies support this feature. CURLOPT_PROXY_TRANSFER_MODE
PROXYTYPE Set this option to "HTTP", "SOCKS4" or "SOCKS5".
CURLOPT_PROXYTYPE
PROXYUSERNAME Pass a string containing the user name to use for the transfer while connecting to a Proxy. This option should be used in same way as the PROXYUSERPWD is used. In comparison to PROXYUSERPWD this option allows the username to contain a colon, like in the following example: "sip:user@example.com". This option is an alternative way to set the user name while connecting to Proxy. There is no meaning to use it together with the PROXYUSERPWD option.
In order to specify the password to be used in conjunction with the user name use the PROXYPASSWORD option.
CURLOPT_PROXYUSERNAME
PROXYUSERPWD Specify the username/password to use for the the HTTP proxy connection. The format is username[:password]. If the password is omitted, you will be prompted for it. CURLOPT_PROXYUSERPWD
QUOTE See the prefered FTPCMDS option. CURLOPT_QUOTE
RANDOMFILE The name of a file from which is used to seed the SSL random engine. This file must exist. CURLOPT_RANDOM_FILE
RANGE Specify the required range you want in the format X-Y. I have no idea what this is! CURLOPT_RANGE
REDIRPROTOCOLS Pass one or more string values as seperate arguments. These options limit which protocols libcurl may use after a redirection if FOLLOWLOCATION is set to 1. By default libcurl will allow all protocols except for FILE and SCP. See the values of the !REXXCURL.!PROTOCOLS stem for possible values. See also PROTOCOLS. CURLOPT_REDIR_PROTOCOLS
REFERER Set this option to a string to set the header field: referer: in the HTTP request. CURLOPT_REFERER
RESOLVE Specify a stem containing strings with host name resolve information to use for requests with this handle. Each single name resolve string should be written using the format HOST:PORT:ADDRESS where HOST is the name libcurl will try to resolve, PORT is the port number of the service where libcurl wants to connect to the HOST and ADDRESS is the numerical IP address. If libcurl is built to support IPv6, ADDRESS can of course be either IPv4 or IPv6 style addressing.
This option effectively pre-populates the DNS cache with entries for the host+port pair so redirects and everything that operations against the HOST+PORT will instead use your provided ADDRESS.
You can remove names from the DNS cache again, to stop providing these fake resolves, by including a string in the stem that uses the format "-HOST:PORT". The host name must be prefixed with a dash, and the host name and port number must exactly match what was already added previously.
CURLOPT_RESOLVE
RESUMEFROM Set this option to the byte at which you want a request to start from. This is particularly useful for restarting a download that was interrupted. CURLOPT_RESUME_FROM
CURLOPT_RESUME_FROM_LARGE
RTSPCLIENTCSEQ Manually set the the CSEQ number to issue for the next RTSP request. Useful if the application is resuming a previously broken connection. The CSEQ will increment from this new number henceforth. CURLOPT_RTSP_CLIENT_CSEQ
RTSPHEADER This option is simply an alias for HTTPHEADER. Use this to replace the standard headers that RTSP and HTTP share. It is also valid to use the shortcuts such as USERAGENT option. CURLOPT_RTSP_HEADER
RTSPREQUEST Tell libcurl what kind of RTSP request to make. Pass one of the following strings. Unless noted otherwise, commands require the Session ID to be initialized (via RTSPSESSIONID.
  • "OPTIONS" - Used to retrieve the available methods of the server. The application is responsbile for parsing and obeying the response. (The session ID is not needed for this method.)
  • "DESCRIBE" - Used to get the low level description of a stream. The application should note what formats it understands in the "Accept:" header. Unless set manually, libcurl will automatically fill in "Accept: application/sdp". Time-condition headers will be added to Describe requests if the TIMECONDITION option is active. (The session ID is not needed for this method)
  • "ANNOUNCE" - When sent by a client, this method changes the description of the session. For example, if a client is using the server to record a meeting, the client can use Announce to inform the server of all the meta-information about the session. ANNOUNCE acts like a HTTP PUT or POST just like SET_PARAMETER sub-option
  • "SETUP" - Setup is used to initialize the transport layer for the session. The application must set the desired Transport options for a session by using the TRANSPORT sub-option prior to calling setup. If no session ID is currently set with SESSIONID option, libcurl will extract and use the session ID in the response to this request. (The session ID is not needed for this method).
  • "PLAY" - Send a Play command to the server. Use the RANGE option to modify the playback time (e.g. 'npt=10-15').
  • "PAUSE" - Send a Pause command to the server. Use the RANGE option with a single value to indicate when the stream should be halted. (e.g. npt='25')
  • "TEARDOWN" - This command terminates an RTSP session. Simply closing a connection does not terminate the RTSP session since it is valid to control an RTSP session over different connections.
  • "GET_PARAMETER" - Retrieve a parameter from the server. By default, libcurl will automatically include a "Content-Type: text/parameters" header on all non-empty requests unless a custom one is set. GET_PARAMETER acts just like a HTTP PUT or POST (see SET_PARAMETER sub-option). Applications wishing to send a heartbeat message (e.g. in the presence of a server-specified timeout) should send an empty GET_PARAMETER request.
  • "SET_PARAMETER" - Set a parameter on the server. By default, libcurl will automatically include a "Content-Type: text/parameters" header unless a custom one is set. The interaction with SET_PARAMTER is much like a HTTP PUT or POST. An application may either use UPLOAD option with READDATA option like a HTTP PUT, or it may use POSTFIELDS like a HTTP POST. Also, there is no use of multi-part POSTs within RTSP.
  • "RECORD" - Used to tell the server to record a session. Use the RANGE option to modify the record time.
  • "RECEIVE" - This is a special request because it does not send any data to the server. The application may call this function in order to receive interleaved RTP data. It will return after processing one read buffer of data in order to give the application a chance to run.
CURLOPT_RTSP_REQUEST
RTSPSERVERCSEQ Manually set the CSEQ number to expect for the next RTSP Server->Client request. At the moment, this feature (listening for Server requests) is unimplemented. CURLOPT_RTSP_SERVER_CSEQ
RTSPSESSIONID Pass a string to set the value of the current RTSP Session ID for the handle. Useful for resuming an in-progress session. Once this value is set to any non-empty value, libcurl will return "RTSP_SESSION_ERROR" if ID received from the server does not match. If unset (or set to the empty string), libcurl will automatically set the ID the first time the server sets it in a response. CURLOPT_RTSP_SESSION_ID
RTSPSTREAMURI Set the stream URI to operate on by passing a string . For example, a single session may be controlling rtsp://foo/twister/audio and rtsp://foo/twister/video and the application can switch to the appropriate stream using this option. If unset, libcurl will default to operating on generic server options by passing "*" in the place of the RTSP Stream URI. This option is distinct from URL. When working with RTSP, this option indicates what URL to send to the server in the request header while the URL indicates where to make the connection to. (e.g. the URL for the above examples might be set to rtsp://foo/twister CURLOPT_RTSP_STREAM_URI
RTSPTRANSPORT Pass a string to tell libcurl what to pass for the Transport: header for this RTSP session. This is mainly a convenience method to avoid needing to set a custom Transport: header for every SETUP request. The application must set a Transport: header before issuing a SETUP request. CURLOPT_RTSP_TRANSPORT
SOCKS5GSSAPINEC Set this option to a 1 or Y to enable or 0 or N to disable. As part of the gssapi negotiation a protection mode is negotiated. The rfc1961 says in section 4.3/4.4 it should be protected, but the NEC reference implementation does not. If enabled, this option allows the unprotected exchange of the protection mode negotiation. CURLOPT_SOCKS5_GSSAPI_NEC
SOCKS5GSSAPISERVICE Pass a string holding the name of the service. The default service name for a SOCKS5 server is rcmd/server-fqdn. This option allows you to change it. CURLOPT_SOCKS5_GSSAPI_SERVICE
SOURCEPOSTQUOTE
Removed in Rexx/CURL 2.0
Exactly like, POSTQUOTE, but for source host. CURLOPT_SOURCE_POSTQUOTE
SOURCEPREQUOTE
Removed in Rexx/CURL 2.0
Exactly like, PREQUOTE, but for source host. CURLOPT_SOURCE_PREQUOTE
SOURCEQUOTE
Removed in Rexx/CURL 2.0
Exactly like, QUOTE, but for source host. CURLOPT_SOURCE_QUOTE
SOURCEURL
Removed in Rexx/CURL 2.0
When set, it enables a FTP third party transfer, using this value as source, while the option; URL is the target. CURLOPT_SOURCE_URL
SOURCEUSERPWD
Removed in Rexx/CURL 2.0
Set this to a string in the format; "username:password" to use for the source connection when doing FTP third party transfers. CURLOPT_SOURCE_USERPWD
SSHAUTHTYPES Pass one or more of the following string values as seperate arguments. These are the authentication types cURL will use for SSH.
  • "PUBLICKEY"
  • "PASSWORD"
  • "HOST"
  • "KEYBOARD"
  • "ANY": Let cURL pick one.
  • All of the above values with "AUTH_" prefix are now deprecated.
CURLOPT_SSH_AUTH_TYPES
SSHHOSTPUBLICKEYMD5 Pass a string containing 32 hexadecimal digits. The string should be the 128 bit MD5 cheksum of the remote host's public key, and Rexx/CURL will reject the connection to the host unless the md5sums match. This option is only for SCP and SFTP transfers. CURLOPT_SSH_HOST_PUBLIC_KEY_MD5
SSHKNOWNHOSTS Pass a string holding the file name of the known_host file to use. The known_hosts file should use the OpenSSH file format as supported by libssh2. If this file is specified, libcurl will only accept connections with hosts that are known and present in that file, with a matching public key. Use SSHKEYFUNCTION to alter the default behavior on host and key (mis)matching. CURLOPT_SSH_KNOWN_HOSTS
SSHPRIVATEKEYFILE Pass a string pointing to a file name for your public key. If not used, libcurl defaults to using ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub. CURLOPT_SSH_PRIVATE_KEY_FILE
SSHPUBLICKEYFILE Pass a string pointing to a file name for your private key. If not used, libcurl defaults to using ~/.ssh/id_dsa. If the file is password-protected, set the password with KEYPASSWD. CURLOPT_SSH_PUBLIC_KEY_FILE
SSLCERT To set a SSL certificate, set this option to the filename containing the certificate. The certificate should be in PEM format. CURLOPT_SSLCERT
SSLCERTPASSWD
Use:KEYPASSWD
The password associated with the SSL certificate set by SSLCERT can be set with this option. If you don't supply the password with this option, you will be prompted for it. CURLOPT_SSLCERTPASSWD
SSLCERTTYPE The type of SSL certificate. One of "DER" or "PEM". CURLOPT_SSLCERTTYPE
SSLCIPHERLIST The list of ciphers to use for the SSL connection. It consists of one or more cipher strings separated by colons. Commas or spaces are also acceptable separators but colons are normally used, "-" and "+" can be used as operators. Valid examples of cipher lists include "RC4-SHA", "SHA1+DES", "TLSv1" and "DEFAULT". The default list is normally set when you compile OpenSSL. You'll find more details about cipher lists here CURLOPT_SSL_CIPHER_LIST
SSLENGINE Identifies the name of the crypto engine used for your private key. CURLOPT_SSL_ENGINE
SSLENGINEDEFAULT Identifies the name of the default crypto engine used for asymetric crypto operations. CURLOPT_SSL_ENGINEDEFAULT
SSLKEY The name of the file containing your private key. CURLOPT_SSLKEY
SSLKEYPASSWD
Use:KEYPASSWD
This will be used as the password required to use the SSLKEY private key. CURLOPT_SSLKEYPASSWD
SSLKEYTYPE The format of your private key. One of "DER", "PEM" or "ENG". CURLOPT_SSLKEYTYPE
SSLOPTIONS Pass one or more of the following string values as seperate arguments to tell libcurl about specific SSL behaviors:
  • ALLOWBEAST - tell libcurl to not attempt to use any work-arounds for a security flaw in the SSL3 and TLS1.0 protocols. If this sub-option isn't used, the SSL layer libcurl uses may use a work-around for this flaw although it might cause interoperability problems with some (older) SSL implementations. WARNING: avoiding this work-around loosens the security, and by setting this sub-option you ask for exactly that.
CURLOPT_SSL_OPTIONS
SSLPEERCERT The name of a file from which the SSL peer certificate data is read for the performed action. This file must exist. CURLOPT_CAINFO
SSLSESSIONIDCACHE Set this option to 0 or N to disable cURL's use of SSL session-ID caching. Set this to a 1 or Y to enable it. By default all transfers are done using the cache. Note that while nothing ever should get hurt by attempting to reuse SSL session-IDs, there seem to be broken SSL implementations in the wild that may require you to disable this in order for you to succeed. CURLOPT_SSL_SESSIONID_CACHE
SSLVERIFYHOST Set this if we should verify the Common name from the peer certificate in the SSL hand-shake, set to "1" to check existence, "2" to ensure that it matches the provided hostname. CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST
SSLVERIFYPEER Set this option to a 1 or Y to indicate that the SSL peer's certificate should be verified. The SSL peer certificate must be specified with the SSLPEERCERT option. CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER
SSLVERSION To over-ride the default SSL version used, pass this option in as a number. CURLOPT_SSLVERSION
TCPKEEPALIVE Set this option to a 1 or Y to indicate that TCP keepalive probes will be sent. The delay and frequency of these probes can be controlled by the TCPKEEPIDLE and TCPKEEPINTVL options, provided the operating system supports them. The default behaiour is to disable keepalive probes. CURLOPT_TCP_KEEPALIVE
TCPKEEPIDLE Specify the delay, in seconds, that the operating system will wait while the connection is idle before sending keepalive probes. Not all operating systems support this option. CURLOPT_TCP_KEEPIDLE
TCPKEEPINTVL Specify the interval, in seconds, that the operating system will wait between sending keepalive probes. Not all operating systems support this option. CURLOPT_TCP_KEEPINTVL
TCPNODELAY Set this option to a 1 or Y to get cURL to disable TCP's Nagle algorithm. The purpose of this algorithm is to try to minimize the number of small packets on the network (where "small packets" means TCP segments less than the Maximum Segment Size (MSS) for the network).
Maximizing the amount of data sent per TCP segment is good because it amortizes the overhead of the send. However, in some cases (most notably telnet or rlogin) small segments may need to be sent without delay. This is less efficient than sending larger amounts of data at a time, and can contribute to congestion on the network if overdone.
The option is off by default. This will have no effect after the connection has been established.
CURLOPT_TCP_NODELAY
TFTPBLKSIZE Specify the block size to use for TFTP data transmission. Valid range as per RFC 2348 is 8-65464 bytes. The default of 512 bytes will be used if this option is not specified. The specified block size will only be used pending support by the remote server. If the server does not return an option acknowledgement or returns an option acknowledgement with no blksize, the default of 512 bytes will be used. CURLOPT_TFTP_BLKSIZE
TIMECONDITION This defines how the TIMEVALUE time value is treated. You can set this parameter to "IFMODSINCE", "TIMECOND_IFUNMODSINCE" or "LASTMOD". This option is valid for HTTP or FTP. CURLOPT_TIMECONDITION
TIMEOUT Specify the number of seconds in which the whole transaction is to complete. Note that this timeout period also includes the time taken to do name lookups, so don't specify too short a period. CURLOPT_TIMEOUT
TIMEOUTMS Like TIMEOUT but takes number of milliseconds instead. CURLOPT_TIMEOUT_MS
TIMEVALUE This should be the time in seconds since 1 Jan 1970 (Unix time_t format), and the time will be used in a condition as specified with TIMECONDITION. CURLOPT_TIMEVALUE
TLSAUTHPASSWORD Pass the password to use for the TLS authentication method specified with the TLSAUTHTYPE option. Requires that the TLSUSERNAME option also be set. CURLOPT_TLSAUTH_PASSWORD
TLSAUTHTYPE Pass one or more of the following string values as seperate arguments to tell libcurl which authentication method(s) you want it to use for TLS authentication.
  • SRP - Secure Remote Password authentication for TLS is defined in RFC 5054 and provides mutual authentication if both sides have a shared secret. To use TLS-SRP, you must also set the TLSAUTHUSERNAME and TLSAUTHPASSWORD options.
The libcurl being used needs to have been built with GnuTLS or OpenSSL with TLS-SRP support for this to work; ie !REXXCURL.!SUPPORTS_TLSAUTH_SRP has a value of 1.
CURLOPT_TLSAUTH_TYPE
TLSAUTHUSERNAME Pass the username to use for the TLS authentication method specified with the TLSAUTHTYPE option. Requires that the TLSPASSWORD option also be set. CURLOPT_TLSAUTH_USERNAME
TRANSFERENCODING Set this option to a 1 or Y to request compressed Transfer Encoding in the outgoing HTTP request. If the server supports this and so desires, it can respond with the HTTP resonse sent using a compressed Transfer-Encoding that will be automatically uncompressed by libcurl on receival.
Transfer-Encoding differs slightly from the Content-Encoding you ask for with ACCEPTENCODING option in that a Transfer-Encoding is strictly meant to be for the transfer and thus MUST be decoded before the data arrives in the client. Traditionally, Transfer-Encoding has been much less used and supported by both HTTP clients and HTTP servers.
CURLOPT_TRANSFER_ENCODING
TRANSFERTEXT Set this option to a 1 or Y to get indicate that FTP transfers are to be done in ASCII mode. For LDAP requests, the details are returned in plain text rather than HTML. CURLOPT_TRANSFERTEXT
UNRESTRICTEDAUTH Set this option to a 1 or Y to indicate that Rexx/CURL can continue to send authentication (user+password) when following locations, even when hostname changed. Note that this is meaningful only when setting FOLLOWLOCATION. CURLOPT_UNRESTRICTED_AUTH
UPLOAD Set this option to a 1 or Y to indicate that an upload is to be done, rather than a download. CURLOPT_UPLOAD
URL The URL against which the access is to be made. CURLOPT_URL
USERAGENT Set this option to a string to set the header field: user-agent: in the HTTP request. This can be useful to imitate different browser clients. CURLOPT_USERAGENT
USERPWD Specify the username/password to use for this connection. The format is username[:password]. If the password is omitted, you will be prompted for it. CURLOPT_USERPWD
USESSL Set this option to one of the following string values to make libcurl use your desired level of SSL for the transfer.
  • "NONE": Don't attempt to use SSL.
  • "TRY": Try using SSL, proceed as normal otherwise.
  • "CONTROL": Require SSL for the control connection or fail with USE_SSL_FAILED.
  • "ALL": Require SSL for all communication or fail with USE_SSL_FAILED.
CURLOPT_USE_SSL
VERBOSE Set this option to a 1 or Y to get cURL to display lots of details about what it is doing. CURLOPT_VERBOSE

option value
The value of the option to set.

Returns:
success:
blank
failure:
blank
On failure CURLERROR.INTCODE is set to a non-zero value. If this value is 1 (one) then CURLERROR.CURLCODE is also set to a non-zero value.

CURLFORMADD(handle,option=COPYCONTENTS,section name,content type,content)
CURLFORMADD(handle,option=FILE,section name,content type,filename,[...])
CURLFORMADD(handle,option=FILE,section name,content type array,filename array)
This function is used to append sections when building multipart/formdata HTTP POST transfers. Any number of sections can be added by calling this multiple times before executing the transfer with the CURLPERFORM function.
Once CURLPERFORM has been called, call CURLFORMFREE to free resources used in this function.

Arguments:

handle
The value returned from CURLINIT.

option
One of COPYCONTENTS or FILE which specifies the valid arguments to follow.

section name
The name to associate with this section of posted data.

content type
The type of data present in content.Mandatory for COPYCONTENTS option, but for FILE option, if not specified, cURL tries to guess.

content
The data comprising this part.

filename
The name of the file containing the data for this part.

filename array
A Rexx array containing names of the files containing the data for this part.

content type array
A Rexx array of the types of data present in the filename array.If an item in the array is not specified, cURL tries to guess.

Returns:
success:
blank
failure:
blank
On failure CURLERROR.INTCODE is set to a non-zero value. If this value is 1 (one) then CURLERROR.CURLCODE is also set to a non-zero value.

CURLFORMFREE(handle)
This function is required to be called after calling CURLPERFORM if HTTP POST data is specified by calling CURLFORMADD.

Arguments:

handle
The value returned from CURLINIT.

Returns:
success:
blank
failure:
blank
On failure CURLERROR.INTCODE is set to a non-zero value. If this value is 1 (one) then CURLERROR.CURLCODE is also set to a non-zero value.

CURLPERFORM(handle)
Once all the options have been set up, call this function to carry out the transfer.

Arguments:

handle
The value returned from CURLINIT.

Returns:
success:
blank
failure:
blank
On failure CURLERROR.INTCODE is set to a non-zero value. If this value is 1 (one) then CURLERROR.CURLCODE is also set to a non-zero value.

CURLGETINFO(handle, option [,stem]
Retrieves information about the most recently executed command.
Arguments:

handle
The value returned from CURLINIT.

option
This is the string identifying the information to retrieve.
Rexx/CURL
Option
Description cURL Equivalent
Option
APPCONNECT_TIME Returns the time, in seconds, it took from the start until the SSL/SSH connect/handshake to the remote host was completed. This time is most often very near to the PRETRANSFER_TIME time, except for cases such as HTTP pipelining where the pretransfer time can be delayed due to waits in line for the pipeline and more. CURLINFO_APPCONNECT_TIME
CERTINFO Returns information about all certificate chains in the named stem (argument 3) assuming you had CERTINFO of CURLSETOPT set when the previous request was done. NOTE: this option is only available in libcurl built with OpenSSL support. CURLINFO_CERTINFO
CONDITION_UNMET Returns 1 if the condition provided in the previous request didn't match (see TIMECONDITION option). Alas, if this returns a 1 you know that the reason you didn't get data in return is because it didn't fulfill the condition. Zero will be returned if the condition instead was met. CURLINFO_CONDITION_UNMET
CONNECT_TIME Returns the number of seconds it took to connect to the remote server. CURLINFO_CONNECT_TIME
CONTENT_LENGTH_DOWNLOAD Returns the length of the contents returned. This is the value returned by the header field; Content-Length: Since cURL 7.19.4 this will return -1 if the size isn't known. CURLINFO_CONTENT_LENGTH_DOWNLOAD
CONTENT_LENGTH_UPLOAD Returns the length of the specified upload size. Since cURL 7.19.4 this will return -1 if the size isn't known. CURLINFO_CONTENT_LENGTH_UPLOAD
CONTENT_TYPE Returns the content-type of the downloaded object. This is the value read from the "Content-Type:" field. If you get an empty string, it means that the server didn't send a valid Content-Type header or that the protocol used doesn't support this. CURLINFO_CONTENT_TYPE
COOKIELIST Returns the list of all cookies cURL knows (expired ones, too). The results are returned in the named stem (argument 3). CURLINFO_COOKIELIST
EFFECTIVE_URL Returns the last used effective URL. CURLINFO_EFFECTIVE_URL
FILE_TIME The file date and time of the remote document received in Unix time_t format. This is only returned if setopt FILETIME is called. CURLINFO_FILETIME
FTP_ENTRY_PATH Returns a string containing the initial path Rexx/CURL ended up in when logging into the FTP server. The empty string is returned if there was an error. CURLINFO_FTP_ENTRY_PATH
HEADER_SIZE Returns the length of all headers returned. CURLINFO_HEADER_SIZE
HTTPAUTH_AVAIL Returns a string containing the authentication method(s) available. The authentication method(s) are explained in the HTTPAUTH option for CURLINFO_HTTPAUTH_AVAIL
HTTP_CODE
Use:RESPONSE_CODE
Returns the last received HTTP code. Only useful if the last URL requested was HTTP. CURLINFO_HTTP_CODE
HTTP_CONNECTCODE Returns the last received proxy response code to a CONNECT CURLINFO_HTTP_CONNECTCODE
LASTSOCKET Retruns the last socket used by this curl session. If the socket is no longer valid, -1 is returned. When you finish working with the socket, you must call curl_easy_cleanup() as usual and let libcurl close the socket and cleanup other resources associated with the handle. This is typically used in combination with CONNECT_ONLY option of CURLSETOPT. CURLINFO_LASTSOCKET
LOCAL_IP Returns a string holding the local (source) IP address of the most recent connection done with this curl handle. This string may be IPv6 if that's enabled. The same restrictions apply as to PRIMARY_IP. CURLINFO_LOCAL_IP
LOCAL_PORT Retruns the local (source) port of the most recent connection done with this curl handle. CURLINFO_LOCAL_PORT
NAMELOOKUP_TIME Returns the time in seconds for the time taken to resolve the remote server name. CURLINFO_NAMELOOKUP_TIME
NUM_CONNECTS Returns the number of new connections libcurl had to create to achieve the previous transfer (only the successful connects are counted). Combined with CURLINFO_REDIRECT_COUNT you are able to know how many times libcurl successfully reused existing connection(s) or not. See the Connection Options of curl_easy_setopt(3) to see how libcurl tries to make persistent connections to save time. CURLINFO_NUM_CONNECTS
OS_ERRNO Returns the operating system errno from a connect failure. CURLINFO_OS_ERRONO
PRETRANSFER_TIME Returns the total time taken from the start up until the transfer is about to begin. This time includes all pre-transfer commands and negotiations. CURLINFO_PRETRANSFER_TIME
PRIMARY_IP Retruns a string holding the IP address of the most recent connection done with this curl handle. This string may be IPv6 if that's enabled. CURLINFO_PRIMARY_IP
PRIMARY_PORT Retruns the destination port of the most recent connection done with this curl handle. CURLINFO_PRIMARY_PORT
PRIVATE Returns the private string associated with the curl handle (set with the PRIVATE option to CURLSETOPT). CURLINFO_PRIVATE
PROXYAUTH_AVAIL Returns a string containing the proxy authentication method(s) available. The meaning of the bits is explained in the PROXYAUTH option for CURLSETOPT CURLINFO_PROXYAUTH_AVAIL
REDIRECT_COUNT Returns the total number of redirections that were actually followed. CURLINFO_REDIRECT_COUNT
REDIRECT_TIME Returns the total time, in seconds, it took for all redirection steps include name lookup, connect, pretransfer and transfer before final transaction was started. REDIRECT_TIME contains the complete execution time for multiple redirections. CURLINFO_REDIRECT_TIME
REDIRECT_URL Returns the URL a redirect would take you to if you would enable FOLLOWLOCATION option. This can come very handy if you think using the built-in libcurl redirect logic isn't good enough for you but you would still prefer to avoid implementing all the magic of figuring out the new URL. CURLINFO_REDIRECT_URL
REQUEST_SIZE Returns the total size of all requests. Note that this may be for more than one request if FOLLOWLOCATION was set. CURLINFO_REQUEST_SIZE
RESPONSE_CODE Returns the last received HTTP, FTP or SMTP response code. This option was previously known as HTTP_CODE. The value will be zero if no server response code has been received. Note that a proxy's CONNECT response should be read with HTTP_CONNECTCODE and not this. Support for SMTP responses added in libcurl 7.25.0. CURLINFO_RESPONSE_CODE
RTSP_CLIENT_CSEQ Returns the next CSEQ that will be used by the application. CURLINFO_RTSP_CLIENT_CSEQ
RTSP_CSEQ_RECV Returns the most recently received CSeq from the server. If your application encounters a CURLE_RTSP_CSEQ_ERROR then you may wish to troubleshoot and/or fix the CSeq mismatch by peeking at this value. CURLINFO_RTSP_CSEQ_RECV
RTSP_SERVER_CSEQ Returns the next CSEQ that will be expected by the application. Applications wishing to resume an RTSP session on another connection should retreive this info before closing the active connection. CURLINFO_RTSP_SERVER_CSEQ
RTSP_SESSION_ID Returns a string holding the most recent RTSP Session ID. Applications wishing to resume an RTSP session on another connection should retreive this info before closing the active connection. CURLINFO_RTSP_SESSION_ID
SIZE_DOWNLAOD Returns the total number of bytes downloaded. CURLINFO_SIZE_DOWNLOAD
SIZE_UPLOAD Returns the total number of bytes uploaded. CURLINFO_SIZE_UPLOAD
SPEED_DOWNLOAD Returns the average download speed in bytes per second. CURLINFO_SPEED_DOWNLOAD
SPEED_UPLOAD Returns the average upload speed in bytes per second. CURLINFO_SPEED_UPLOAD
SSL_ENGINES Returns the list of supported SSL engines available. The results are returned in the named stem (argument 3). The return value will be the number of entries in the stem. CURLINFO_SSL_ENGINES
SSL_VERIFY_RESULT Returns the result of the SSL certificate verification requested by SSLVERIFYPEER. CURLINFO_SSL_VERIFYRESULT
STARTTRANSFER_TIME Returns the time in seconds it took from the start until the first byte is received by libcurl. This includes PRETRANSFER_TIME and also the time the server needs to calculate the result. CURLINFO_STARTTRANSFER_TIME
TOTAL_TIME Returns the time in seconds for the complete transfer. CURLINFO_TOTAL_TIME

Returns:
success:
the value specified above
failure:
blank
On failure CURLERROR.INTCODE is set to a non-zero value. If this value is 1 (one) then CURLERROR.CURLCODE is also set to a non-zero value.

CURLVARIABLE(variable name[,variable value])
Set or get the value for the specified variable.

The following variables are available in all implementations:

Arguments:
variable name
The name of the variable who's value is to be set or retrieved.
variable value
The value that the variable to be set to.
Returns:
with variable value specified:
success
blank if a valid variable name specified and it is able to be set;
failure
blank and CURLERROR.INTCODE set to a non-zero value.

with variable value NOT specified:
success
the current value of the variable
failure
blank and CURLERROR.INTCODE is set to a non-zero value.

CURLLOADFUNCS()
This function is used to load all the Rexx/CURL external functions. This function is called after the function has been loaded with the Rexx builtin function rxfuncadd().

Although this function is useful only for dynamic library implementations of Rexx/CURL, it can be called by the executable version of Rexx/CURL. In this case it does nothing.

Arguments:

none
Returns:
success:
zero
failure:
non-zero

CURLDROPFUNCS()
This function is used to terminate Rexx/CURL and free up all resources that have been used.

It should be called at the end of every Rexx/CURL program. In particular, this function should be called after a syntax error has been caught with SIGNAL ON SYNTAX.

Arguments:

none
Returns:
success:
zero
failure:
non-zero


4. Errors

The success or failure of each function call is determined by the Rexx compound variable; CURLERROR.INTCODE. If the function call succeeds, this will be set to zero. If the function call fails, this will be set to a non-zero value. If the value set is 1 (one), a cURL error occured, and CURLERROR.CURLCODE is set to the appropriate error code. Associated with both error code variables, is an equivalent textual error message. These are CURLERROR.INTERRM and CURLERROR.CURLERRM respectively.
The stem name initially set for the error variables is CURLERROR. (including trailing period). You can change this to any value you prefer, with a call to CURLVARIABLE with the ERROR argument.

Internal Errors:

    1  - Error from cURL
    2  - Invalid Number
    3  - Invalid Option
    4  - Out of memory
    5  - Invalid cURL handle
    6  - Invalid filename
    7  - Invalid boolean
    8  - Expecting a stem as parameter
    9  - Invalid variable name specified
   10  - Attempt to set a readonly variable name
   11  - Too few arguments supplied
   12  - Field must be specified
   13  - Error writing to temporary file


5. Using Rexx/CURL

A typical Rexx/CURL program looks like the following program. This example will simply display the contents of my home page:
Call RXFuncAdd 'CurlLoadFuncs','rexxcurl','CurlLoadFuncs'
Call CurlLoadFuncs
curl = CURLInit()
If curl \= '' Then
   Do
      Call CURLSetOpt curl, 'URL', "http://www.rexx.org/"
      If curlerror.intcode \= 0 Then Call Abort 'Error setting URL option'
      Call CURLPerform curl
      If curlerror.intcode \= 0 Then Call Abort 'Error performing action'
      Call CURLCleanup curl
   End
Call CURLDropFuncs
Return 0
Abort:
Parse Arg msg
Say msg
If curlerror.intcode = 1 Then Say 'Internal error:' curlerror.intcode curlerror.interrm
Else Say 'CURL error:' curlerror.curlcode curlerror.curlerrm
Call CURLCleanup curl
Exit 1
      
Note that the third parameter to RxFuncAdd is case sensitive, so should always be specified as "CurlLoadFuncs".

Examples
Several example programs are provided with all Rexx/CURL distributions.


History of Rexx/CURL

This section provides details of changes and additions made to the Rexx/CURL interface as it evolves.

Version 2.1.1: 26 Aug 2022

Version 2.1.0: 9 Feb 2019

Version 2.0: 25 April 2012

Version 1.6: 10 July 2006 (not released)

Version 1.5: 10 March 2006 (not released)

Version 1.4: 16 October 2005

Version 1.3: 4 October 2005

Version 1.2: 2 December 2004

Version 1.1: 27 Jul 2003 (not released)

Version 1.0: 4 Jul 2001


Copyright © Mark Hessling 2001-2012<mark@rexx.org>



Last updated 10 January 2008